@conference {263, title = {Automating ECU Identification for Vehicle Security}, booktitle = {2016 15th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, year = {2016}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {

The field of vehicular cybersecurity has received considerable media and research attention in the past few years. Given the increasingly connected aspect of consumer automobiles, along with the inherent danger of these machines, there has been a call for experienced security researchers to contribute towards the vehicle security domain. The proprietary nature of Controller Area Network (CAN) bus messages, however, creates a barrier of entry for those unfamiliar, due to the need to identify what the messages on a given vehicle{\textquoteright}s bus are broadcasting. This work aims to automate the process of correlating CAN bus messages with specific Electronic Control Unit (ECU) functions in a new vehicle, by creating a machine learning classifier that has been trained on a dataset of multiple vehicles from different manufacturers. The results show that accurate classification is possible, and that some ECUs that broadcast similar vehicle dynamics broadcast similar CAN messages.

}, keywords = {Acceleration, automobiles, automotive electronics, automotive security, Brakes, broadcasting, CAN bus, CAN bus messages, classification, consumer automobiles, control engineering computing, controller area network, controller area networks, ECU identification automation, electronic control unit, electronic engineering computing, embedded systems, learning (artificial intelligence), machine learning, machine learning classifier, pattern classification, Protocols, Security, security of data, Training, vehicle bus, vehicular ad hoc networks, vehicular cybersecurity, Wheels}, doi = {10.1109/ICMLA.2016.0111}, author = {Jaynes, Michael and Ram Dantu and Varriale, Roland and Evans, Nathaniel} } @article {98, title = {Effective CPR Procedure With Real Time Evaluation and Feedback Using Smartphones}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {

Timely cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can mean the difference between life and death. A trained person may not be available at emergency sites to give CPR. Normally, a 9-1-1 operator gives verbal instructions over the phone to a person giving CPR. In this paper, we discuss the use of smartphones to assist in administering CPR more efficiently and accurately. The two important CPR parameters are the frequency and depth of compressions. In this paper, we used smartphones to calculate these factors and to give real-time guidance to improve CPR. In addition, we used an application to measure oxygen saturation in blood. If blood oxygen saturation falls below an acceptable threshold, the person giving CPR can be asked to do mouth-to-mouth breathing. The 9-1-1 operator receives this information real time and can further guide the person giving CPR. Our experiments show accuracy \>90\% for compression frequency, depth, and oxygen saturation.

}, keywords = {Acceleration, Accelerometers, blood, blood oxygen saturation, cardio pulmonary resuscitation, cardiology, compression depth, compression frequency, CPR, CPR parameters, CPR procedure, depth of compression, Feedback, Frequency measurement, frequency of compression, medical computing, mouth-to-mouth breathing, Oxygen, oxygen saturation, pneumodynamics, real-time evaluation, real-time systems, smart phones, smartphones, verbal instructions}, issn = {2168-2372}, doi = {10.1109/JTEHM.2014.2327612}, author = {Gupta, Neeraj and Dantu, Vishnu and Ram Dantu} } @conference {92, title = {Tire-road friction estimation utilizing smartphones}, booktitle = {Information Reuse and Integration (IRI), 2014 IEEE 15th International Conference on}, year = {2014}, month = {08/2014}, abstract = {

Tire-road friction is an important parameter for a number of different safety features present in modern-day vehicles, and the knowledge of this friction may also prove useful to the driver of a vehicle while it is in motion. In particular, this information may help inform a driver of dangerous low-traction situations that he or she may need to be aware of. Furthermore, since a growing number of drivers have access to Bluetooth-enabled smartphones, it is worth exploring how these devices may be leveraged in concert with vehicular CAN-bus networks to provide valuable safety information.

}, keywords = {Acceleration, Bluetooth, bluetooth-enabled smart phones, CAN-bus, controller area networks, dangerous low-traction situations, driver information systems, Estimation, friction, graphical user interfaces, mobile computing, road safety, road vehicles, Roads, Safety, safety information, smart phones, tire-road friction estimation, traction, tyres, vehicle safety features, Vehicles, vehicular CAN-bus networks, vehicular safety, Wheels}, doi = {10.1109/IRI.2014.7051980}, author = {Jaynes, Michael and Ram Dantu} } @conference {21, title = {Evaluation of gyroscope-embedded mobile phones}, booktitle = {Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2011 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {2011}, address = {Anchorage, AK}, abstract = {

Many mobile phone applications such as pedometers and navigation systems rely on orientation sensors that most smartphones are now equipped with. Unfortunately, these sensors rely on measured accelerometer and magnetic field data to determine the orientation. Thus, accelerations upon the phone which arise from everyday use alter orientation information. Similarly, external magnetic interferences from indoor/urban settings affect the heading calculation, resulting in inaccurate directional information. The inability to determine the orientation during everyday use inhibits many potential mobile applications development. In this work, we exploit the newly built-in gyroscope in the Nexus S smartphone to address the interference problems associated with the orientation sensor. We first perform drift error analysis and apply this to gyroscope calculations. We test simple as well as complex rotations seen in walking applications. We lastly test the gyroscope{\textquoteright}s resistance to described interferences. Experiments show angular calculations with percent error no larger than 6\% from actual rotated values. Further, we are able to determine the phone{\textquoteright}s orientation at any time, in magnetically-interfered areas, with the phone accelerating. With this accurate information we can virtually orient the phone to better use mobile-acquired data. This shows that the presence of a gyroscope in smartphones will certainly aid in numerous applications.

}, keywords = {Acceleration, Accelerometer, Accelerometers, Angular rotation, Gyroscope, Gyroscopes, Magnetic sensors, Mobile communication, Mobile handsets, mobile phone, Orientation sensor}, isbn = {978-1-4577-0652-3}, doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.2011.6083905}, author = {Barthold, Christopher and Subbu, Kalyan and Ram Dantu} }