@article {15,
	title = {Cuffless Differential Blood Pressure Estimation Using Smart Phones},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1080 - 1089},
	abstract = {<p>Smart phones today have become increasingly popular with the general public for their diverse functionalities such as navigation, social networking, and multimedia facilities. These phones are equipped with high-end processors, high-resolution cameras, and built-in sensors such as accelerometer, orientation-sensor, and light-sensor. According to comScore survey, 26.2\% of U.S. adults use smart phones in their daily lives. Motivated by this statistic and the diverse capability of smart phones, we focus on utilizing them for biomedical applications. We present a new application of the smart phone with its built-in camera and microphone replacing the traditional stethoscope and cuff-based measurement technique, to quantify vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure. We propose two differential blood pressure estimating techniques using the heartbeat and pulse data. The first method uses two smart phones whereas the second method replaces one of the phones with a customized external microphone. We estimate the systolic and diastolic pressure in the two techniques by computing the pulse pressure and the stroke volume from the data recorded. By comparing the estimated blood pressure values with those measured using a commercial blood pressure meter, we obtained encouraging results of 95{\textendash}100\% accuracy.</p>
},
	keywords = {Blood pressure, cuffless, Estimation, finger pulse, Heart, Microphones, mobile camera, Mobile communication, mobile phone, Synchronization, Valves, vascular transit time},
	doi = {10.1109/TBME.2012.2211078},
	author = {Chandrasekaran, Vikram and Ram Dantu and Jonnada, Srikanth and Thiyagaraja, Shanti and Subbu, Kalyan}
}
