@conference {262, title = {Optimized and Secured Transmission and Retrieval of Vital Signs from Remote Devices}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE)}, year = {2017}, month = {July}, abstract = {

Smartphones and other mobile platforms provide a low cost and easily accessible method of monitoring patient health, and aid healthcare professionals in early detection of disease. Immediate access to the gathered data is an essential factor in effective patient care. But the current processes used for patients{\textquoteright} vital data collection is slow and error prone. This undermines the advantages of remote monitoring that mobile platforms for health monitoring provide. In this paper, we propose to upload the patient health information to the Cloud. We investigate three different models to transfer data from the smartphone to the Cloud-perform all computations in the smartphone, perform all computations in the Cloud, and divide the computations between the smartphone and the Cloud. The second approach was found to be infeasible due to very high latency in data transfer with a delay of 2.84 seconds at an upload speed of 2500 KBytes per second. In order to protect the privacy of patients, it is required by law that the data gathered from remote monitoring by using mobile platforms must be kept private, and be secured before uploading to the Cloud. This paper explores the use of prominent public key encryption algorithms and their performance on a mobile device to securely transmit confidential electronic personal health information to the Cloud. We analyze performance of three common public key encryption schemes -RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and ECC. It is shown that 160 bit key size in ECC scheme provides the same level of security that a 1024 bit key size does in RSA and Diffie-Hellman. Further, the encryption and decryption time required by ECC is three times less than the other two schemes. Hence, ECC not only requires a smaller key size to provide the same level of security, but also faster encryption and decryption times as compared to the other two schemes. This makes ECC algorithms suitable to be implemented in resource constrained mobile platforms. We also compared ECC curves from three different standards - NIST, SECG, and Brainpool - to determine the optimum ECC curve, and key size to encrypt data in the mobile phone platform. It is shown that the Brainpool curve performed better than the other two standards when the key size is less than 521 bits. We also measured the latency of uploading encrypted data in a wide variety of WiFi and mobile networks.

}, keywords = {Brainpool curve, Cloud computing, confidential electronic personal health information, data transfer, decryption, Diffie-Hellman, Diseases, ECC algorithms, ECC curves, encryption, error prone, health care, healthcare professionals, Mobile communication, mobile device, mobile health, mobile networks, mobile phone platform, patient care, patient health information, patient health monitoring, patient vital data collection, Performance evaluation, public key cryptography, public key encryption algorithms, remote devices, remote monitoring, resource constrained mobile platforms, RSA, secured transmission, Security, servers, smart phones, smartphones, vital signs, WiFi}, doi = {10.1109/CHASE.2017.55}, author = {Thiyagaraja, Shanti and Ram Dantu and Shrestha, Pradhumna and Thompson, Mark and Smith, Christopher} } @conference {88, title = {A framework for secured collaboration in mHealth}, booktitle = {Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2015 International Conference on}, year = {2015}, month = {06/2015}, abstract = {

We have designed a novel framework of services, protocols and technologies to ensure the secure collaboration in M2M networks, specifically in mobile health. The promise of mobile health to reform preventive self-care opens new doors for remote monitoring to improve health care communication. With cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as an example, we classify our M2M elements into services, roles, human-computer protocols and technologies through which we require trust, anonymity, scalability, and active detachment. We simulate a scenario in which a patient needs CPR and through the use of widely available technologies (such as a smartphone and secure web sockets) we demonstrate a technological collaboration that facilitates secure emergency mobile health services.

}, keywords = {cardiology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), Collaboration, Computers, CPR, health care, health care communication, human computer interaction, human-computer protocol, M2M network, machine to machine(M2M), Medical services, mHealth, Mobile communication, mobile computing, mobile health, Protocols, remote monitoring, Scalability, secure collaboration, secure emergency mobile health services, secured collaboration, security of data, servers, smart phones, smartphone}, doi = {10.1109/CTS.2015.7210450}, author = {Widick, Logan and Talkington, Josh and Bajwa, Garima and Ram Dantu} } @conference {233, title = {Pass-pic: A mobile user authentication}, booktitle = {Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), 2015 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {2015}, month = {May}, abstract = {

Conventional authentication methods utilizing alphanumeric username and passwords, PIN numbers, or any combination thereof have many weaknesses. On modern smart phones there are multiple ways users can authenticate. The traditional username password combination is used often as well as PIN passwords and pattern based passwords. The problem with these methods is that they are still vulnerable. A short password or to a much greater extent a PIN, or a pattern password can be defeated by various techniques such as smudge attacks, key loggers and so on. Our aim with Pass-Pic is to implement a picture based authentication system that is both more secure and easier for the user to both input and remember.

}, keywords = {alphanumeric username, Authentication, key loggers, Keyboards, message authentication, mobile authentication, Mobile communication, mobile user authentication, pass-pic, passwords, pattern based passwords, picture based authentication system, PIN numbers, Random access memory, Security, smart phones, smudge attacks, Vibrations}, doi = {10.1109/ISI.2015.7165977}, author = {Bajwa, Garima and Ram Dantu and Aldridge, Ryan} } @conference {232, title = {Random anonymization of mobile sensor data: Modified Android framework}, booktitle = {Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), 2015 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {2015}, month = {May}, abstract = {

With the increasing ability to accurately classify activities of mobile users from what was once viewed as innocuous mobile sensor data, the risk of users compromising their privacy has risen exponentially. Currently, mobile owners cannot control how various applications handle the privacy of their sensor data, or even determine if a service provider is adversarial or trustworthy. To address these privacy concerns, third party applications have been designed to allow mobile users to have control over the data that is sent to service providers. However, these applications require users to set flags and parameters that place restrictions on the anonymized or real sensor data that is sent to the requestor. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a new framework, RANDSOM, that moves the decision-making from the application level to the operating system level.

}, keywords = {Accelerometers, Android, anonymized, application level, Data models, data privacy, Hidden Markov models, Mobile communication, mobile computing, mobile sensor data, mobile users, modified Android framework, operating system level, pervasive, Privacy, privacy concerns, provider, random anonymization, RANDSOM, RANDSOM framework, sensor data privacy, service providers, smart phone, smart phones, telecommunication security, third party applications}, doi = {10.1109/ISI.2015.7165968}, author = {Claiborne, Cynthia and Ncube, Cathy and Ram Dantu} } @article {15, title = {Cuffless Differential Blood Pressure Estimation Using Smart Phones}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, volume = {60}, year = {2013}, pages = {1080 - 1089}, abstract = {

Smart phones today have become increasingly popular with the general public for their diverse functionalities such as navigation, social networking, and multimedia facilities. These phones are equipped with high-end processors, high-resolution cameras, and built-in sensors such as accelerometer, orientation-sensor, and light-sensor. According to comScore survey, 26.2\% of U.S. adults use smart phones in their daily lives. Motivated by this statistic and the diverse capability of smart phones, we focus on utilizing them for biomedical applications. We present a new application of the smart phone with its built-in camera and microphone replacing the traditional stethoscope and cuff-based measurement technique, to quantify vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure. We propose two differential blood pressure estimating techniques using the heartbeat and pulse data. The first method uses two smart phones whereas the second method replaces one of the phones with a customized external microphone. We estimate the systolic and diastolic pressure in the two techniques by computing the pulse pressure and the stroke volume from the data recorded. By comparing the estimated blood pressure values with those measured using a commercial blood pressure meter, we obtained encouraging results of 95{\textendash}100\% accuracy.

}, keywords = {Blood pressure, cuffless, Estimation, finger pulse, Heart, Microphones, mobile camera, Mobile communication, mobile phone, Synchronization, Valves, vascular transit time}, doi = {10.1109/TBME.2012.2211078}, author = {Chandrasekaran, Vikram and Ram Dantu and Jonnada, Srikanth and Thiyagaraja, Shanti and Subbu, Kalyan} } @conference {21, title = {Evaluation of gyroscope-embedded mobile phones}, booktitle = {Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2011 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {2011}, address = {Anchorage, AK}, abstract = {

Many mobile phone applications such as pedometers and navigation systems rely on orientation sensors that most smartphones are now equipped with. Unfortunately, these sensors rely on measured accelerometer and magnetic field data to determine the orientation. Thus, accelerations upon the phone which arise from everyday use alter orientation information. Similarly, external magnetic interferences from indoor/urban settings affect the heading calculation, resulting in inaccurate directional information. The inability to determine the orientation during everyday use inhibits many potential mobile applications development. In this work, we exploit the newly built-in gyroscope in the Nexus S smartphone to address the interference problems associated with the orientation sensor. We first perform drift error analysis and apply this to gyroscope calculations. We test simple as well as complex rotations seen in walking applications. We lastly test the gyroscope{\textquoteright}s resistance to described interferences. Experiments show angular calculations with percent error no larger than 6\% from actual rotated values. Further, we are able to determine the phone{\textquoteright}s orientation at any time, in magnetically-interfered areas, with the phone accelerating. With this accurate information we can virtually orient the phone to better use mobile-acquired data. This shows that the presence of a gyroscope in smartphones will certainly aid in numerous applications.

}, keywords = {Acceleration, Accelerometer, Accelerometers, Angular rotation, Gyroscope, Gyroscopes, Magnetic sensors, Mobile communication, Mobile handsets, mobile phone, Orientation sensor}, isbn = {978-1-4577-0652-3}, doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.2011.6083905}, author = {Barthold, Christopher and Subbu, Kalyan and Ram Dantu} }